Deep Learning Is Not Good Enough, We Need Bayesian Deep ...

aleatoric epistemic uncertainty deep learning

aleatoric epistemic uncertainty deep learning - win

[R] "What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?", Kendall & Gal 2017

submitted by gwern to MachineLearning [link] [comments]

[D] What is the current state of dropout as Bayesian approximation?

Some time ago already, Gal & Ghahramani published their Dropout as Bayesian Approximation paper, and a few more follow-up papers by Gal and colleagues about epistemic vs. aleatoric risks etc. There they claim that test-time dropout can be seen as Bayesian approximation to a Gaussian process related to the original network. (I would not claim to understand the proof in all of its details.) So far so good, but at the Bayesian DL workshop at NIPS2016 Ian Osband of Google DeepMind published his note Risk versus Uncertainty in Deep Learning: Bayes, Bootstrap and the Dangers of Dropout, where he claims that even for absurdly simple networks you can analytically show that the 'posterior' you get using MC dropout doesn't concentrate asymptotically -- which I take as saying that there's no Bayesian approximation happening, since almost any reasonable prior on the weights should lead to a near-certain posterior in the limit of infinite data.
Alas, there are still papers popping up using the MC dropout approach, without even mentioning Osband's note. Did I miss something? Is there a follow-up to Osband's note? A rebuttal? I didn't attend NIPS2016, and I am thus not aware of any discussions that might have happened there, but would certainly appreciate any pointers (-- and given that Yarin Gal was co-organizing that workshop, I am pretty sure that he has seen Osband's note).
Edit: For completeness, here is Yarin Gal's thesis on this topic and the appendix to their 2015 paper containing the proof. Additionally, the supplementary material (section A) of Deep Exploration via Bootstrapped DQN contains some more of Ian's thoughts on this issue
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Using deep learning to design a 'super compressible' material

Using deep learning to design a 'super compressible' material. The system uses a less used method called Bayesian machine learning. The researcher (Miguel Bessa, Assistant Professor in Materials Science and Engineering at Delft University of Technology) thought probabilistic techniques were the way to go when analyzing or designing structure-dominated materials because they deal with uncertainties that he categorizes as "epistemic" and "aleatoric". Normal deep learning methods are non-probabilistic.
"Epistemic or model uncertainties affect how certain we are of the model predictions (this uncertainty tends to decrease as more data is used for training). Aleatoric uncertainties arise when data is gathered from noisy observations (for example, when different material responses are observed due to uncontrollable manufacturing imperfections)."
Structure-dominated materials "are often strongly sensitive to manufacturing imperfections because they obtain their unprecedented properties by exploring complex geometries, slender structures and/or high-contrast base material properties."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWTWHhMAu7I
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[R] Pytorch implementation of "What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?", NIPS 2017

Github
Pytorch implementation of "What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?", NIPS 2017
- Autoencoder network
- Check 3 different uncertainty type (Aleatoric, Epistemic, Combined)
submitted by imheumi to MachineLearning [link] [comments]

aleatoric epistemic uncertainty deep learning video

2019: Long-term projections of soil moisture using deep ... Uncertainty estimation and Bayesian Neural Networks ... Markov chains (Lecture 2) Epistemic Justification Track Driving with Epistemic Uncertainty Caring 4 You NCLEX Tutoring - YouTube Predictive uncertainty of deep models and its applications ...

Soil moisture is an important variable that determines floods, vegetation health, agriculture productivity, and land surface feedbacks to the atmosphere, etc. Accurately modeling soil moisture has important implications in both weather and climate models. The recently available satellite-based observations give us a unique opportunity to build data-driven models to predict soil moisture ... Here we see that epistemic uncertainty is due to the variance of our parameters and aleatoric uncertainty is due to the noise not accounted for by the model. Non-Linear models. We can extend this concept of uncertainty to non-linear models like Neural networks. But unlike the simple ones, we cannot get the closed-form solutions to the variance. data uncertainty (aleatoric): randomness that arises from the nature of data. Depends on what you decide to “not explain” with the model (as a noise). model uncertainty (epistemic): uncertainty that arises from the model complexity and the number of data. It will become more clear once we look at an example. Simple model Evaluating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties of time series deep learning models for soil moisture predictions. ... with an aleatoric term for our long short-term memory models for this problem, and asked if the uncertainty terms behave as they were argued to. ... Deep Learning sets the state-of-the-art in many challenging tasks showin ... Bayesian deep learning models typically form uncertainty estimates by either placing distributions over model weights, or by learning a direct mapping to probabilistic outputs. In this section I’m going to briefly discuss how we can model both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty using Bayesian deep learning models. Figure 14: Probability distributions on = {a, b, c} as points in a Barycentric coordinate system: Precise knowledge (left) versus incomplete knowledge (middle) and complete ignorance (right) about the true distribution. - "Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Machine Learning: A Tutorial Introduction" epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty can then be learned without the need for sampling. To date, evidential deep learning has been targeted towards discrete classification problems [42, 32, 22] and has required either a well-defined distance measure to a maximally uncertain prior [42] Abstract. There are two major types of uncertainty one can model. Aleatoric uncertainty captures noise inherent in the observations. On the other hand, epistemic uncer- tainty accounts for uncertainty in the model – uncertainty which can be explained away given enough data. In general, both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty (ignorance) depend on the way in which prior knowledge and data interact with each other. Roughly speaking, the stronger the knowledge the learning process starts with, the less data is needed to resolve uncertainty. 1. Deep Learning 2. Model Uncertainty 3. Model Uncertainty and AI safety 4. Applications of Model Uncertainty 5. Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning 6. Thesis structure 1. Introduction The importance of Knowing What We Don't Know Probabilistic view : offers confidence bounds Knowing Uncertainty is the fundamental concern in Bayesian ML

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2019: Long-term projections of soil moisture using deep ...

Driving policy function is modeled via Heteroscedastic Mixture Density Network where epistemic uncertainty is measure by the method proposed in [1]. [1] Alex Kendall and Yarin Gal, "What ... 발표자: 이기민(KAIST 박사과정) https://tv.naver.com/naverd2 더욱 다양한 영상을 보시려면 NAVER Engineering TV를 참고하세요. 발표일: 2018 ... Based on those translated images, the trained uncertainty-aware imitation learning policy would output both the predicted action and the data uncertainty motivated by the aleatoric loss function ... For tutoring please call 856.777.0840 I am a recently retired registered nurse who helps nursing students pass their NCLEX. I have been a nurse since 1997. I have worked in a lot of nursing fields ... Provided to YouTube by DistroKid Epistemic Justification · TWIN COLUMNS To Joy ℗ 654928 Records DK Released on: 2015-08-18 Auto-generated by YouTube. PyData Warsaw 2018We will show how to assess the uncertainty of deep neural networks. We will cover Bayesian Deep Learning and other out-of-distribution dete... John Wu - Deep learning in astrophysics: ... How to Model Epistemic Probabilities of Conditionals - Duration: 59:24. Harry Crane 65 views. 59:24. For the Love of Physics - Walter Lewin - May 16 ... CUAHSI's 2019 Spring Cyberseminar Series on Recent advances in big data machine learning in HydrologyDate: April 19, 2019Topic: Long-term projections of soil...

aleatoric epistemic uncertainty deep learning

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